分類 / 名稱
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Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Cichlinae
Etymology: Cichla: Greek, kichle = wrasse (Ref. 45335).
Taxonomic Remarks
Redescription based on Venezuelan material in Machado-Allison (1971), as C. ocellaris.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 5.5 - 6.5; 非遷移的 (Ref. 126106). 熱帶; 27°C - 29°C (Ref. 13614)
South America: Amazon River basin in the Negro and Uatumã River drainages; Orinoco River basin in tributaries of the Orinoco River in Venezuela and Colombia.
南美洲: 尼格羅河與 Uatuma 河流域的亞馬遜河流域; 在委內瑞拉與哥倫比亞的奧里諾科河河的支流的奧里諾科河河流域。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 33.5, range 31 - 36 cm
Max length : 99.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 12.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Diagnosis: A large, elongate species with small scales (E1 row scales 98-128, usually more than 110, vs. usually less than 110 in other species of Cichla). Postorbital band is present, entire, may be irregular but does not consist of scattered spots, vs. absent or present as scattered spots in other species of Cichla species. Lateral line is usually continuous. It is most similar to C. pinima and C. vazzoleri, sharing subadult to young adult color pattern including dark midlateral band and four rows of regularly arranged light spots along side, but light spots slightly elongate instead of round. It is different from C. pinima and C. vazzoleri in lacking dark lateral blotches with intensified light margins; vertical bars when expressed entire, never forming round blotches; ocellated blotches on dorsal side absent at all sizes; postorbital band entire (vs. expressed as scattered dark blotches); dark blotch associated with preopercle absent (present in C. vazzoleri); lateral line nearly always continuous (vs. usually discontinuous in C. vazzoleri) (Ref. 57716).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
鑑別: 具有小鱗片的一個大又細長的種.(E1 列鱗片 98-128, 通常超過 110, vs. 通常少於 110 在其他種的 Cichla 中) 眼眶後的條紋存在﹐整個的, 可能是不規則的但是不會有分散斑點, vs. 不存在或者呈現成其他種的 Cichla 種的分散的斑點。 側線通常是連續。 它是大部分類似 C. pinima 與被分享的對沿著側邊包括深色的側面中央的條紋與四列的規則排列的淡色斑點的幼魚成魚彩色斑紋的亞成魚的 C. vazzoleri, 但是淡色的斑點些微細長取代圓。 它是不同的 C. pinima 與在缺乏深色的側面斑塊的 C. vazzoleri 具有增強淡色邊緣; 縱帶何時表達整個的, 從不形成圓斑塊; 在背面兩側上的眼狀的斑塊不存在大小不一; 眼眶後的條紋整個的;(vs. 被表達的形成分散的黑色斑塊) 黑色斑塊伴隨著前鰓蓋骨了不存在;(出現在 C. vazzoleri) 側線幾乎總是連續的 (vs. 通常不連續的在 C. vazzoleri 中).(參考文獻 57716)
Adults occupy deeper littoral areas in lagoons and sandy and rocky banks of the main river channel. They feed mainly on small fish (especially characids measuring <10 cm SL) (Ref. 26329, 27531). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Has been introduced to Florida and Texas, but is considered not established yet.
在主要河峽道的潟湖與沙與岩石岸中佔領比較深的海濱區域。 主要吃小魚 (尤其脂鯉測量 <10 公分 SL) 。 (參考文獻 26329,27531) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 曾經引進佛羅里達與德克薩斯, 但是一般認為不仍然建立。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205).南美洲: 尼格羅河與 Uatuma 河流域的亞馬遜河流域; 在委內瑞拉與哥倫比亞的奧里諾科河河的支流的奧里諾科河河流域。
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 November 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00512 - 0.02461), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
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