分类 / 名称
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Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335); gueldenstaedtii: Named for Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781).
Eponymy: Professor Johann Anton Gueldenstaedt (or Güldenstädt) (1745–1781) was a Baltic-German, born in Riga (Latvia), then part of the Russian Empire. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Taxonomic Remarks
Acipenser colchicus was described as a subspecies of A. gueldenstaedti, then considered as a subspecies of A. persicus, and is now recognized as a species by some works. On the other end, other works suggest that A. persicus, which is similar to A. gueldenstaedti, is a synonym of the latter. We will wait that the taxonomoic situation gets more clarity before changing the list of valid species, which follows the World Sturgeon Conservation Society one. Check ECoF, IUCN and FAO for more details. Anyway in FishBase, it is possible to retrieve the information under the name that was used as valid in each publication.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 138126); 深度上下限 2 - 100 m, usually 10 - 25 m. 温带; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 61°N - 35°N, 26°E - 54°E
Eurasia: Black Sea and Caspian Sea.
欧亚大陆: 黑海，亚速海与里海, 进入所有的主要河川哪一并未居住其中.(顿河，库邦河，多瑙河，聂伯河 (稀有的), 第聂伯河) 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 236 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 145 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3561); 最大体重: 115.0 kg (Ref. 6866); 最大年龄: 46 年 (Ref. 3561)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 27 - 48; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 35. Under the name A. g. colchicus. Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center. Five rows of scutes: dorsal 7-19, lateral 24-44 on each side, ventral 6-13 on each side, with lines of smaller stellate bony plates between the dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back olivaceous grey, flanks lighter, and belly white.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
被称为 A. g 。 colchicus. 下唇不是连续, 在中心中断。 五个列的鳞甲: 背部的 7-19, 侧面的 24-44 在两边上, 腹面 6-13 在两边上, 与在背部与腹面列之间的比较小星形的骨质板的线。 背面的颜色灰橄榄色的，侧面颜色较淡，与腹部白色的。
Anadromous and freshwater populations exist (Refs. 9953, 131118). At the sea, it occurs in shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift current (Ref. 59043). Found mainly near the shore over sand and mud. Usually solitary, but swarms when hibernating or during spawning migrations. Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 3241). Feeds on benthic molluscs, crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns on stone or gravel bottom in large and deep rivers with strong current, 1-1.5 m/s (Ref. 59043). Mainly propagated through artificial reproduction.
主要地在沙子与泥上的海岸附近发现。 通常独居性的, 但是当过冬的时候成群地移动或在生殖回游的时候。 偶然地形成鱼群。 (参考文献 3241) 吃软体动物，甲壳动物与小鱼。 ( 鱼，鲱鱼, 鰕虎鱼) 从五月到六月产卵。 主要地以人工繁殖方式繁殖了。
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Spawns in rivers. Natural spawning not extensive, maintained chiefly by artificial propagation. Enters rivers from April to June (a few in autumn).欧亚大陆: 黑海，亚速海与里海, 进入所有的主要河川哪一并未居住其中.(顿河，库邦河，多瑙河，聂伯河 (稀有的), 第聂伯河) 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii, 1989. Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
极度濒危 (CR) (A2bcde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 10.7 - 15.9, mean 13.8 °C (based on 32 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00258 - 0.00673), b=3.12 (2.99 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (tm=11; tmax=46; Fec = 26,000).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
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气候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.6 [8.4, 25.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.247 [0.150, 0.396] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [14.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.189, 0.611] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.0, 45.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.63 [1.97, 16.00] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.512 [0.365, 0.722] mg/100g (wet weight);
