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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gmelin.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 126106). 極; 71°N - 44°N, 5°W - 133°W
Arctic Ocean basin, from Finland (lapland) to eastern Siberia, Alaska, and Canada eastward to Mackenzie drainage. Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).
北極圈: 瑞典與西伯利亞芬蘭到極端東北, 在白令海流域的西方部分中, 與部分在鄂霍次克海的流域。 在碧佛，楚克其語與白令海的支流中的阿拉斯加州.(參考文獻 5723) 在波蘭與阿爾卑斯山脈的附加族群.(參考文獻 683) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 32.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 14 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 14; 脊椎骨: 58 - 63. Distinguished by the gill rakers that are longer than 20% of the interorbital width, 19 to 25 gill rakers (with modal counts of 22 or 23), and a pronounced hump behind the head in adults (Ref. 27547). Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
區別的特徵為鰓耙那是長度超過 20% 的眼間骨寬度， 19 到 25個鰓耙 (具有型計數 22 或者 23) 與一個明顯的隆起在頭部後面當成魚時.(參考文獻 27547) 脂鰭發展良好的, 時常比較大的在雄性中; 腋窩的突起出現在腹鰭。 (參考文獻 27547) 深褐色的對褪成的暗藍色上方在側邊上銀色的與寬的之下; 當幼魚時的沒有幼鮭橫帶.(參考文獻 27547)
Adults inhabit coastal waters near shore (Ref. 5723), lower reaches of rivers with slow current, large lakes with tributaries, floodplain lakes, deltas and estuaries, brackish waters (Ref. 59043). They migrate up to more than 1,200 km inland for spawning (Ref. 5723) and overwinter near river mouths (Ref. 5723). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Adults feed mostly on mollusks, crustaceans and chironomid larvae (Ref. 28219).
棲息於沿岸水域近岸。 (參考文獻 5723) 在內陸向上迴游到超過 1,200 公里進行產卵.(參考文獻 5723) 在河口的附近過冬。 (參考文獻 5723) 有非迴游性的淡水族群。 成魚大部分吃軟體動物，甲殼動物與寶刀魚仔魚。 (參考文獻 28219)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Upstream spawning migrations may be extensive but some populations seldom venture far upstream and still others may never go to sea at all (Ref. 593). Mature adults migrate upstream as early as June to spawn in October. It is assumed that the young hatch in late winter and spring, subsequently moving downstream, to return as mature adults 4 to 6 years later (Ref. 27547).北極圈: 瑞典與西伯利亞芬蘭到極端東北, 在白令海流域的西方部分中, 與部分在鄂霍次克海的流域。 在碧佛，楚克其語與白令海的支流中的阿拉斯加州.(參考文獻 5723) 在波蘭與阿爾卑斯山脈的附加族群.(參考文獻 683) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 May 2022
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00331 - 0.00911), b=3.24 (3.10 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=3-14; tmax=14; Fec=8,000).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.6 [9.7, 36.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.418 [0.228, 0.771] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.6, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.619 [0.246, 1.731] g/100g; Selenium = 13.8 [5.7, 34.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [1.42, 38.51] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.481 [0.357, 0.661] mg/100g (wet weight);
