Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 50 - 480 m (Ref. 33352), usually 50 - 250 m (Ref. 10985). Subtropical; 61°N - 51°S, 99°E - 149°E
Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.5 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 26350); common length : 26.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 47377)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7 - 9; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 8 - 9. Body without prickles (Ref. 559). Brownish above, white below; occasionally with dark spots on flanks (Ref. 4919). Tip of or all lower ray of the caudal white.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabit sandy, muddy and rocky bottoms (Ref. 2683). Young are pelagic (Ref. 7251). Feed mainly on squid. In southeast Brazil captured between 50 and 145 m (Ref. 47377).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Schneider, W., 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 11.9 - 27.5, mean 19.4 °C (based on 1869 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02754 (0.01766 - 0.04296), b=2.84 (2.71 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [18.9, 120.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.907 [0.404, 2.246] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.351 [0.170, 0.724] g/100g; Selenium = 41.8 [17.4, 103.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [5, 85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.535 [0.350, 0.845] mg/100g (wet weight);