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Atheriniformes (Silversides) >
Atherinidae (Silversides) > Atherininae
Etymology: Atherina: Greek, atherina, the Greek name for the eperlane; 1770 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Guillaume Boyer de Nice was a poet. The species was described in a book about the ichthyology of Nice. Risso chose to name the smelt after a historic son of that city; the poet who was a “…troubadour distingué du troisième siècle.” (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Risso.
ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ: ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ / ເຂດດິນຟ້າອາກາດ / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / ຂອບເຂດການແຈກຢາຍ
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳຈືດ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ (Ref. 59043); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - ? m. Subtropical; 53°N - 20°N, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal and Spain to Nouadhibou in Mauritania and Madeira, and throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Isolated populations on coasts of England and the Netherlands (Ref. 5980). Previously, two subspecies were recognized in Russian waters: Atherina boyeri pontica (Eichwald, 1838) from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and Atherina boyeri caspia (Eichwald, 1838) from the Caspian Sea (Ref. 26334).
ຄວາມຍາວໃນການເຕີບໂຕເຕັມຄັ້ງທໍາອິດ / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / ອາຍຸ
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm 5.8, range 5 - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 30578); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 4 ປີ (Ref. 59043)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 7 - 10; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 8 - 16; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 2; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 10 - 18. Eye diameter wider than snout length (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
A very euryhaline species, where adults are frequently found in brackish waters and more sporadically in freshwater (Ref. 3788), preferring still or slow flowing waters in freshwater (Ref. 59043). They are found in lower parts of rivers, estuaries, coastal lakes and sea; pelagic in lakes (Ref. 59043). Adults occur in great schools. They are carnivorous, feeding on small crustaceans, worms, mollusks (Ref. 5980) and fish larvae (Ref. 35388) in lakes and estuaries, and on benthos in rivers (Ref. 59043). Can usually live 1 to 2 years, rarely up to 4 years. Some populations undergo spawning migrations into estuaries. Mature individuals are fractional spawners, larger individuals spawn for a longer period. Eggs are demersal, with long hairy appendages attaching them to the substrate consisting of filamentous algae, often at depths of 2 to 6 m. Larvae are pelagic often forming schools close to the shores (Ref. 59043).
Maugé, L.A., 1990. Atherinidae. p. 604-605. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4499)
ສະຖານະພາບບັນຊີແດງຂອງ IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ຕໍ່ມະນຸດ
Harmless
ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂອງມະນຸດ
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
ເຄື່ອງມື
ບົດລາຍງານພິເສດ
ດາວໂຫລດ XML
ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
ການຄາດຄະເນໂດຍອີງໃສ່ແບບຈໍາລອງ
ອຸນຫະພູມທີ່ຕ້ອງການ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
123201): 13.9 - 21, mean 18.3 °C (based on 136 cells).
ດັດຊະນີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງຊີວະພາບ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00485 - 0.00683), b=3.07 (3.02 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 3.2 ±0.36 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.8; tm=1; tmax=4;).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
ຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຫາປາ (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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ຄວາມສ່ຽງດ້ານສະພາບອາກາດ (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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ທາດອາຫານ (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 134 [71, 293] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.63, 1.91] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [19.0, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.34 [0.18, 0.64] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [6.8, 32.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.1 [8.8, 69.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.9, 2.0] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
