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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Ethmidium: Diminutive of Greek, ethmos, -ou = sieve or ethmoides bone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲
生態学
海 pelagic-neritic; 深さの範囲 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188).
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Tropical; 0° - 37°S, 86°W - 70°W (Ref. 188)
Southwest Pacific: Peru (Puerto Pizarro in Gulf of Guayaquil to Callao and Pisco Bay; presumably to border with Chile, but no records) and Chile (whole coast south to Talcahuano).
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 25.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.2 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 122662)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 12 - 15. Scutes present along back (before dorsal fin) as well as along belly. Upper jaw with median notch. Gill rakers fine and slender, about 130 to 150 in lower limb. Anal fin short, well behind last dorsal fin ray. Scales with pectinated hind border. A dark spot behind gill cover and up to 4 series of vertically oval spots along flank.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs in coastal waters, forming large schools. Feeds by filtering phytoplankton (diatoms) and zooplankton (especially copepods), but will also take small fishes and crustaceans. Breeds in spring (Chile), depositing its eggs in coastal waters on sand, to which the sticky eggs cling, the larvae rising and joining the surface plankton on hatching. Marketed fresh, frozen, or canned.
ライフサイクルと交尾行動
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人間の用途
水産業: 商業
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
モデルに基づく推定値
好ましい温度 (参照
123201): 11.3 - 23, mean 20 °C (based on 12 cells).
系統多様性指数 (参照
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00417 - 0.01147), b=3.15 (3.00 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (参照
69278): 2.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (参照
120179): 高い, １５か月以下の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Assuming tm=1).
漁業の脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
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気候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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栄養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 205 [96, 359] mg/100g; Iron = 1.78 [0.96, 3.23] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.2, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.328 [0.181, 0.617] g/100g; Selenium = 49.3 [23.6, 108.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.7 [4.7, 49.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.78 [1.21, 2.65] mg/100g (wet weight);
