分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
鯡科 (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Ethmidium: Diminutive of Greek, ethmos, -ou = sieve or ethmoides bone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 pelagic-neritic; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188).
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熱帶; 0° - 37°S, 86°W - 70°W (Ref. 188)
Southwest Pacific: Peru (Puerto Pizarro in Gulf of Guayaquil to Callao and Pisco Bay; presumably to border with Chile, but no records) and Chile (whole coast south to Talcahuano).
西南太平洋: 祕魯 (在惠夜基灣到卡亞俄與畢斯柯海灣的 Puerto Pizarro; 可能以智利為分佈界限, 但是沒有記錄) 與智利.(整個的海岸南至塔爾卡瓦諾)
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 25.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 122662)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 15. Scutes present along back (before dorsal fin) as well as along belly. Upper jaw with median notch. Gill rakers fine and slender, about 130 to 150 in lower limb. Anal fin short, well behind last dorsal fin ray. Scales with pectinated hind border. A dark spot behind gill cover and up to 4 series of vertically oval spots along flank.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
鱗甲存在的沿著背面 (在背鰭之前) 以及沿著腹面。 上頜有中央的凹槽。 鰓耙細而細長的, 大約 130 到 150 在下肢中。 臀鰭短,在最後的背鰭鰭條正後方。 鱗片有櫛狀結構後部的邊緣。 一個深色斑點在後鰓蓋並且向上到 4個數列垂直橢圓形的斑點沿著側面。
Occurs in coastal waters, forming large schools. Feeds by filtering phytoplankton (diatoms) and zooplankton (especially copepods), but will also take small fishes and crustaceans. Breeds in spring (Chile), depositing its eggs in coastal waters on sand, to which the sticky eggs cling, the larvae rising and joining the surface plankton on hatching. Marketed fresh, frozen, or canned.
出現於沿岸水域, 形成大群魚群。 濾食浮游植物 (矽藻) 與浮游動物 (尤其橈腳類的動物), 但是也吃小魚與甲殼動物。 繁殖於被在沿岸水域的砂上產卵的春天 (智利), 黏黏的卵黏附在上面, 仔魚升起而且結合表面浮游生物孵化時。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 冷凍, 或罐裝的。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西南太平洋: 祕魯 (在惠夜基灣到卡亞俄與畢斯柯海灣的 Puerto Pizarro; 可能以智利為分佈界限, 但是沒有記錄) 與智利.(整個的海岸南至塔爾卡瓦諾)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 11.3 - 23, mean 20 °C (based on 12 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00417 - 0.01147), b=3.15 (3.00 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Assuming tm=1).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 205 [96, 359] mg/100g; Iron = 1.78 [0.96, 3.23] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.2, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.328 [0.181, 0.617] g/100g; Selenium = 49.3 [23.6, 108.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.7 [4.7, 49.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.78 [1.21, 2.65] mg/100g (wet weight);
