Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 30 - 600 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate; 34°S - 52°S, 158°E - 174°W
Southwest Pacific: endemic to New Zealand.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 47.5, range 45 - 50 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9988); common length : 46.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9049); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 20 Tahun (Ref. 9072)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 17 - 19; Sirip dubur lunak: 17 - 18; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 33 - 34. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D 17-19; A 17-18; vertebrae 33-34; body rather elongate, tapering from a moderately broad, flat, bony head (width 1.1-1.4 times its length) covered with tiny blunt spines in juveniles to low radiating ridges in adults; small eyes directed upwards; bony orbital rim separated medially by naked rectangular space; mouth large, vertical, with several prominent canines between smaller canines; chin smooth; lips with short ridge-like crenulations; ventral margin of preopercle with four spine-like processes; anterior end of isthmus with a pair of prominent forward directed spines; prominent cleithral spine sheathed with skin above pectoral fin base; gill rakers on first arch 14-17, in the form of patches of fine teeth, patches narrow, teeth in three or four rows, innermost row rather long; no scales; lateral line pores in skin high on side close to base of dorsal fin; dorsal fin low, elongate, its base 67-82% of predorsal length; pectoral fins huge, fan-like; pelvic fins moderately large, length 20-25% SL (Ref. 86516).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Reported from depths between 30 m (Ref. 58489) and 600 m (Ref. 9258). Buries in sea bed until suitable prey passes by. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994. Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 7.8 - 14.3, mean 11.2 °C (based on 62 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00648 - 0.02335), b=3.02 (2.85 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.2 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (tm=3; tmax=20; K=0.1-0.2;).
Prior r = 0.34, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.51, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.6 [14.1, 37.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.324 [0.212, 0.523] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.9, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.679 [0.432, 1.032] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [11.4, 37.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.4 [5.6, 49.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.278, 0.500] mg/100g (wet weight);
