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Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Mary Louisa Duncan Putnam (1832–1903) was the first woman elected to full membership of the Davenport Academy of Sciences (1869). She was elected as president (1879), raising funds and pushing the academy to expand its role in sponsoring cultural events. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Seale.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 3 - 20 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 36°N - 31°S, 30°E - 146°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan. Reported from Fiji and Tuvalu (Ref. 12596).The exact range is uncertain because of confusion of this species with Sphyraena jello and Sphyraena qenie (Ref. 9768).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2334); common length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9768)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 6; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 9; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 9. Many typical chevron dark markings crossing lateral line on body; caudal fin largely blackish. No gill rakers on first arch, upper and lower gill arch with rough platelets, each platelet not bearing distinct spine.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found near prominent current-swept lagoons or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Also in bays and inner turbid lagoons (Ref. 9768). Nocturnally active, but occurring in relatively large schools during the day (Ref. 9768). Sold fresh or processed into fish cakes (Ref. 27550).
دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | اليرقات
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
درجة الحرارة المفضلة (مرجع
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3674 cells).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00455 - 0.01207), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.3).
ضعف الصيد (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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المغذيات (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.4 [8.7, 53.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.31 [0.15, 0.69] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [18.4, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.0794 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [12.5, 81.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.8 [7.9, 194.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.436 [0.265, 0.765] mg/100g (wet weight);
