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Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Ctenopharyngodon: Greek, kteis, ktenos = comb + Greek, pharyngx = pharynx + greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335); idella: From the words cteno, meaning comb; pharyngodon, pharyngeal teeth (referring to the corrugate or comb-like cutting surfaces of the pharyngeal teeth); and idella (derived from ideo), meaning distinctive (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
; пресноводный; солоноватоводный донно-пелагический; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 126106); пределы глубины 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 35°C (Ref. 52059); 50°N - 23°N, 100°E - 142°E (Ref. 48)
Asia: Eastern China and Russia (Ref. 48) in eastern Siberia, Amur River system (Ref. 1441). Widely transported around the world (Ref. 7248). Persists only in Europe by stocking (Ref. 59043). Introductions often brought with it the parasitic tapeworm Bothriocephalus opsarichthydis (synonym of B. acheilognathi) (Ref. 12217). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 68.2, range 58 - 79.2 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 30578); common length : 10.7 cm SL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 35840); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 45.0 kg (Ref. 52193); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 21 годы (Ref. 48)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 10 - 11; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 10 - 14. Diagnosis: No barbels; snout very short, its length less than or equal to eye diameter; postorbital length more than half head length (Ref. 4967). 18 soft rays for caudal fin (Ref. 40476). Diagnosed from rather similar species Mylopharyngodon piceus by having the following characters: body olive to brassy green above, silvery white to yellow below; body cylindrical; pharyngeal teeth laterally compressed, serrated, with a groove along grinding surface, usually in two rows, 2,5-4,2 (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur in lakes, ponds, pools and backwaters of large rivers (Ref. 5723), preferring large, slow-flowing or standing water bodies with vegetation (Ref. 52193). They are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures from 0° to 38°C, and salinities to as much as 10 ppt and oxygen levels down to 0.5 ppm (Ref. 52193). They feed on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses; takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates. One of the world's most important aquaculture species and also used for weed control in rivers, fish ponds and reservoirs (Ref. 9987). Spawning takes place on riverbeds with very strong current (Ref. 30578). Utilized also fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Considered as a pest in most countries because of the damages made to submerged vegetation (Ref. 43281).
Spawns in gravel bottomed areas of rivers (Ref. 48). Eggs are pelagic and hatch while drifting downstream in 2-3 days (Ref. 59043).
Shireman, J.V. and C.R. Smith, 1983. Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1884). FAO Fish. Synop. No.135, 86 p. (Ref. 48)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Potential pest
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00790 - 0.01053), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (K=0.13-0.19; tm=2-10; tmax=21; Fec=50,000).
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
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Питательные вещества (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.6 [11.8, 60.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.812 [0.355, 1.761] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.7, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.296 [0.167, 0.545] g/100g; Selenium = 34.8 [17.8, 71.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.4, 60.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.493 [0.300, 1.558] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
