Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 9 - 125 m (Ref. 9895). Tropical; 31°N - 13°S, 47°E - 143°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Sri Lanka and Indonesia, north to southern Japan. Reported occurrence of this species from Niue (Ref. 3804) should be verified.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 20.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 11441); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3391)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 116 - 130; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 85 - 98; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 50 - 57. Eyed side uniform brown, with a dark patch on gill cover, blind side white. Body elongate, its depth 20 to 26% SL. Eyes with a small scaly interorbital space. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral hook short. Corner of mouth reaching posteriorly to or beyond lower of eye, about midway between gill opening and tip of snout. Caudal-fin rays usually 10. Midlateral-line scales 56 to 70. Scales large, ctenoid on eyed side of body. Cycloid (smooth) on blind side. Scale rows between lateral lines on eyed side of body 7 to 9 (Ref 9895).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inhabits muddy and sandy bottoms of the continental shelf down to 125 m. Enters estuaries and tidal rivers (Ref. 1479). Feeds predominantly on bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed mostly fresh and frozen; also dried-salted (Ref. 9895).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 23.5 - 28.7, mean 27.7 °C (based on 550 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00324 (0.00282 - 0.00372), b=3.12 (3.08 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.24-0.98; tm=2;).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 149 [70, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 0.909 [0.427, 1.502] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [15.9, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.05, 0.26] g/100g; Selenium = 63.3 [32.5, 122.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.5 [7.8, 50.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.94, 1.82] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
