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Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Eponymy: Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900) was a son of Queen Victoria who ruled as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1893) in the Prussian Empire. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 120 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 32°N - 34°S, 30°E - 134°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, South Africa, Thailand to Western Australia.; north to Japan (Yaeyama Is.), to Solitary Is., Australia as far east as French Polynesia and the Hawaiian Is. Reported in the Atlantic (Canary and Cape Verde islands) but this species may be restricted more or less to the Indian and Western Pacific only (McEachran, pers.comm. 03/10).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 371.1, range 324 - 390 cm
Max length : 450 cm WD jantan/; (Ref. ); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 31 Tahun (Ref. 97313)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
This species is characterized by the following: disc approximately 2.2-2.4 times as broad as it is long, the maximum disc width size approximately 550 cm; slender whip-like tail approximately 123% of disc length if intact; no distinct caudal spine or cartilaginous mass at base of tail; some specimens have small hump at the base of the tail on the dorsal surface, while others have a slight depression and groove on the dorsum of the tail immediately posterior to the posterior margin of the dorsal fin; small, knob-like dermal denticles evenly distributed on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, with ventral surface having slightly larger denticles; dental ligament with small cusped teeth on the lower jaw measuring roughly 22% of total disc length, approximately 6-8 rows, 142-182 files across entire width of the tooth band; total tooth counts of 900-1500 for entire tooth band; top jaw lacks rows of enlarged denticles (Ref. 82755).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Adults are commonly sighted inshore, within a few kilometers of land; found around coral and rocky reefs as well as along productive coastlines with consistent upwelling, tropical island groups, atolls and bays (Ref. 82755). Maximum movement recorded is >500,000 m (Ref. 97317). Known aggregations include sites in Hawai'i, Mozambique, Maldives, Ryukyu Island, Yap Island, Indonesia, eastern and western Australia (Ref. 82755). Gestation period is 12-13 months. Major food consists of planktonic organisms and probably small bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Maximum correted to 450 cm WD by Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara (pers. Comm. 01/2025).
Young may tend to follow large objects such as their mother (Ref. 205).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Rentan (VU) (A2bcd+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 24.3 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 1274 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (tmax>31; tm = 3-8; Fec =1).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 5.54 [0.80, 100.50] mg/100g; Iron = 0.474 [0.044, 5.786] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [13.9, 24.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0832 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 90.7 [16.3, 541.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.64 [0.42, 83.54] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.545 [0.030, 6.451] mg/100g (wet weight);
