分類 / 名稱
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Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins) >
Serrasalmidae (Piranhas and pacus) > Serrasalminae
Etymology: Serrasalmus: Latin, serran, serranus, saw and a fish of genus Serranus + Latin, salmo = salmon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kner.
Taxonomic Remarks
Eschmeyer (1998: 994) syntype designation of BMNH 1928.1.24:10 Myletes maculatus Kner 1858 currently placed under Metynnis, is erroneous. Recent (10 Feb. 1978) and local syntype designations of NMW 57058 collected from Rio Negro, Brazil are erroneous. See Jégu & Santos (2001) for detailed morphology and distribution. See Martins-Santos, Julio-Jr. & Santos (1994) and Nakayama, Porto & Feldberg (2000) for cytogenetic study.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水 大洋性. 熱帶
分布
領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
South America: Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basins (Ref. 39031). Recorded from the Uruguay River (Ref. 79585).
南美洲: 亞馬遜河與巴拉圭- 巴拉納河的流域。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 10.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 115169); 34.5 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 420.00 g (Ref. 115169); 最大體重: 420.00 g
背的軟條 (總數) : 16; 臀鰭軟條: 33 - 35; 脊椎骨: 36.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs usually in small groups of up to 20 individuals which appear to have a definite range within a pond or a creek. Observed to be active mainly during the day. Larger fish extend their foraging until about 9 at night. where it stays in the shallows near the bottom, sheltered among vegetation (Ref. 9080). Larvae and juveniles hide and feed within the root tangle of water hyacinths, which also act as a dispersal agent during floods (Ref. 40399). Larvae feed on
microscopic crustaceans and small aquatic insects; very small size juveniles (about 1.2 cm)
already clip fins of other fishes (Ref. 40399). Juveniles and adults feed mostly on fins and muscle portions of fishes (Ref. 9080, 40398). Adults may scavenge on dead mammals, including humans (Ref. 40400). Attacks on humans with bite outbreaks may occur in dammed
portions of rivers during the breeding season, related to brood protection by the spawning
adults (Ref. 50802).
通常生活在多達 20個個體的小群魚群那似乎有一個一個池塘裡面的明確範圍或一條小溪。 觀察主要地在白天期間是活躍的。 較大的魚延伸他們覓食直到大約 9 在晚上。 在那裡它停留在植物之中被隱匿的底部附近的淺灘中.(參考文獻 9080) 仔魚與稚魚在布袋蓮的根纏結裡面隱藏而且吃, 也在洪水的時候作為一個散佈媒介.(參考文獻 40399) 仔魚吃
微小的甲殼動物與小的水生昆蟲; 最體型小稚魚 (大約 1.2 公分)
已經修剪其他魚的鰭。 (參考文獻 40399) 稚魚與成魚大部分吃魚的鰭與肌肉部分。 (參考文獻 9080,40398) 成魚可能在死的哺乳動物上清理, 包括人類。 (參考文獻 40400) 對人類的攻擊使用爆發的咬可能出現在水壩
在繁殖季節的時候河的部分, 與魚卵的卵窩保護有關了
成魚.(參考文獻 50802)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: 亞馬遜河與巴拉圭- 巴拉納河的流域。
Jégu, M., 2003. Serrasalminae (Pacus and piranhas). p. 182-196. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39031)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 December 2020
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01313 - 0.01913), b=3.17 (3.13 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.1 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
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