分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶
分布
領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: Southern and western Caspian Sea; Aral basin; River Chun (Kasakhstan). For spawning, migrates up to larger tributaries of western and southern coasts: Terek, Samur, Kura, lower Aras. Rarely in lower Volga (up to Volgograd) and Ural.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 鹹海與裡海的流域。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 60.0, range 50 - 70 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); 105.0 cm TL (female); common length : 66.0 cm NG 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); common length :62 cm (female); 最大體重: 22.0 kg (Ref. 4537)
Diagnosed from other species of Barbus and Luciobarbus in Caspian Se basin by having the following characters: predorsal length shorter than postdorsal length; dorsal fin usually with 7½ branched rays; 16-25 gill rakers; back between head and dorsal origin laterally compressed, forming a keel; lateral line with 62-90 (usually 65-77) scales; and lower lip thin, without median lobe or pad (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in rivers, reservoirs, lakes and canals (Ref. 11145). Occurs in the sea at depths of up to 25 m and in rivers in deep stretches with gravel or stone bottom. In freshened parts of sea, preys mainly on benthic crustaceans. Does not feed while migrating upstream and starts to feed again at the spawning sites mainly on insects, juveniles of other fishes, rarely on algae, seeds and other plant material. Spawns in fast-flowing water at areas with hard bottom and depths of 1-2 m (Ref. 59043).
發現於河，水庫，湖與管.。 (參考文獻 11145) 在海上，深度向上到 25 公尺。 產卵在位置的快速流動的水，有堅硬的底部, 1-2 公尺深。 卵是半大洋性的。 在海洋的使部份新鮮的中, 主要捕食底棲的甲殼動物。 當向上游移動的時候，不進食。 在產卵區，開始再一次覓食, 主要吃昆蟲，其他魚，很少在藻類上的稚魚，種子與其他的植物.(參考文獻 59043)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are semipelagic and hatch while drifting downstream after at least 2 days at 25°C. Larvae settle into places with slow current; after 2-12 months juveniles drift downstream to sea or reservoir if river is dammed (Ref. 59043).前蘇聯與亞洲: 鹹海與裡海的流域。
Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007. Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
瀕危 (EN) (A2cd); Date assessed: 02 March 2021
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00504 - 0.02175), b=2.99 (2.82 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.8 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
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