Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas bentopelágico; intervalo de profundidade 20 - 220 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 46°N - 17°S, 23°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola (Ref. 4781); also in the Mediterranean and around the Canary and São Tomé-Principe islands.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 34.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 106 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3688); peso máx. publicado: 16.4 kg (Ref. )
Occur on the shelf on rocky and rubble bottoms, as well as on sand around rocks. The young are close to shore while the adults occur offshore in the vicinity of the continental slope. Feed mainly on crustaceans, fish and cephalopods (Ref. 4781). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 27000. Maximum published weight 15 kg (Ref. 5377) and reported 16.42 kg (Miguel Cañizares (pers.comm. 7/2019).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
The majority (50-70%) are males up to 50 cm length, transforming into females thereafter (Ref. 4781). Also Ref. 28504.
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 13 - 19.3, mean 15.5 °C (based on 193 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00918 - 0.01250), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.12-0.19; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [17.2, 58.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.687 [0.384, 1.179] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.1, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.403 [0.260, 0.618] g/100g; Selenium = 40 [19, 76] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13 [4, 43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.576 [0.407, 0.831] mg/100g (wet weight);
