Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
; Água doce bentopelágico; pH range: ? - 7.0; dH range: 10 - ?; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 21 m (Ref. 120609). Subtropical; 10°C - 29°C (Ref. 12741); 53°N - 34°N, 104°W - 71°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence River-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Saskatchewan in Canada, and south to northern Georgia, northern Alabama and Missouri (native only to Meramec River) in the USA (Ref. 86798). Introduced to Europe (Ref. 59043).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 86798); common length : 15.4 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 12193); peso máx. Publicado: 1.4 kg (Ref. 4699); Idade máx. registada: 18 anos (Ref. 72462)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 10 - 13; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 11 - 13; Espinhos anais: 5 - 7; Raios anais moles: 9 - 11; Vértebras: 29 - 32.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Occurs usually in rocky areas in shallow water of lakes, and the lower, warm reaches of streams (Ref. 1998). Inhabits vegetated and brushy stream margins, pools of creeks and small to medium rivers, and rocky and vegetated margins of lakes (Ref. 86798). Commonly found in clear, silt-free rocky streams (Ref. 86798). Feeds on small crustaceans, insects and fish (Ref. 30578). An introduced species in Europe which avoids swift waters and occurs in a wide variety of slow-flowing to stagnant waters such as large rivers, lakes, ponds, canals and backwaters (Ref. 59043).
The males care about the eggs for about 14 days (Ref. 93240) as well as the young (Ref. 2060). In Europe where it is introduced, males fan and defend the nests, which are shallow depressions in sand or gravel bottom along shallow shores. A male may spawn with several females in one nest and guard the nest until larvae leave the nest (Ref. 59043).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe desportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01045 - 0.01588), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.19-0.23; tm=2-5; tmax=18; Fec=3,000-11,000).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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