Klassifizierung / Names
Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
; süßwasser; brackwasser pelagisch; anadrom (Ref. 138280); tiefenbereich 20 - ? m (Ref. 9696). Temperate; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 63°N - 36°N, 8°E - 73°E
Eurasia: Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Aral Sea basins; Baltic basin from Vistula to Neva drainages, southern Sweden and Finland, Lakes Ladoga and Onega. Occasionally on Baltic coast west of Vistula and on Finnish coast north of 61°N (Ref. 59043).
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 556); common length : 25.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 556); max. veröff. Gewicht: 2.0 kg (Ref. 556); max. veröff. Alter: 11 Jahre (Ref. 27368)
Mouth oblique. Low wavy lateral line. Belly with a sharp edge (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults shoal in lower reaches of large rivers and in the eastern Baltic, the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea. They spawn in spring in midstream (Ref. 9696) and return to estuaries to forage immediately after spawning (Ref. 59043). Juveniles may migrate to estuaries during first summer (Ref. 59043). Adults feed on zooplankton, terrestrial invertebrates and small fish (Ref. 59043).
Open water egg scatterers.
Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1968. Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell
Tools
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00353 - 0.01485), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.20; tmax=11).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.5 [31.2, 113.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.558 [0.337, 0.929] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] g/100g; Selenium = 7.91 [3.55, 16.95] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.8 [5.7, 58.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.677 [0.485, 0.950] mg/100g (wet weight);