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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335); nasus: nasus refering to shape of nose (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Pallas.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 138280). 極; 73°N - 59°N, 46°E - 102°W
Eurasia and North America: all drainages of Arctic Ocean from Volonga and Pechora to Alaska.
北極圈: 來自 Pechora 河的東方, 到美國北部的俄國 (參考文獻 593): 從在加拿大西北地區的梨酒河到 Kushokwim 河 (白令海支流) ，阿拉斯加州的北極圈流域。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 96339); common length : 46.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1998); 最大體重: 16.0 kg (Ref. 1998); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 59043)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 14; 脊椎骨: 60 - 65. Distinguished by its short gill rakers, which are less than one-fifth as long as the interorbital width, and the rounded to flat profile of the head (Ref. 27547). Adipose fin fairly large; axillary process present in the pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Olive-brown to nearly black on back; sides silvery, often with a gray cast; belly white to yellowish; fins usually rather gray in adults, pale in young (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
區別的特徵為它的短鰓耙,那是少於五分之一長達眼間骨寬度, 與圓形到頭部的平坦輪廓.(參考文獻 27547) 脂鰭非常大的; 腋窩的突起出現在腹鰭。 (參考文獻 27547) 黃褐色的到幾乎黑色背面; 側邊銀色的, 時常具有一個灰色的外貌; 腹部白色的到淡黃色的; 鰭通常相當灰色當成魚時, 灰白的當幼魚時.(參考文獻 27547)
Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Adults are found in lowland river and lakes (Ref. 59043) but most frequently in streams (Ref. 5723). Lacustrine and estuarine anadromous forms exist (Ref. 593). Alevins and juveniles feed on zooplankton, adults on benthos, mainly chironomid larvae and molluscs (Ref. 1998, 59043). Males reproduce for the first time in 4-8 years, females at 5-9. Adults start upstream migration in late July - August and reach spawning sites by October - November and spawn in stretches with swift current and sand-pebble bottom, often under ice. Spawning lasts 5-7 days and fish leave spawning site soon after, migrating downstream to overwinter in deeper places of lower stretches of rivers together with older juveniles. In spring, alevins drift from spawning sites downstream with flood-water and forage in floodplain lakes and oxbows where they remain until end of summer before moving to river or reaching maturity (if lakes are large enough and do not dry out). Widely used for aquaculture in eastern Europe (Ref. 59043). Flesh is highly esteemed (Ref. 1998). Sold fresh, dried, or smoked (Ref. 1998).
最常在溪流中.(參考文獻 5723) 沿海-大洋性.(參考文獻 58426) 湖泊而河口的溯河洄游產卵的型式存在。 (參考文獻 593) 吃水生的昆蟲幼生，小的軟體動物與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 1998) 肉是深受喜愛的。 (參考文獻 1998) 生鮮販賣, 乾製., 或煙燻..(參考文獻 1998)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Mature adults make upstream spawning migrations beginning as early as June and may extend to September or later (Ref. 28214, 28852, 28855, 28857) and move back downstream after spawning and overwinter in deep parts of the rivers or in estuaries (Ref. 27547). Young hatch in the spring and move downward (Ref. 27547).北極圈: 來自 Pechora 河的東方, 到美國北部的俄國 (參考文獻 593): 從在加拿大西北地區的梨酒河到 Kushokwim 河 (白令海支流) ，阿拉斯加州的北極圈流域。
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 July 2021
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00470 - 0.00613), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.8 (5.4 - 8.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10-0.30; tm=7; tmax=15; Fec=10,000).
Prior r = 0.34, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.51, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14 [6, 26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.432 [0.202, 0.855] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.638 [0.254, 1.755] g/100g; Selenium = 12.1 [4.4, 31.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.15 [1.18, 46.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.475 [0.354, 0.695] mg/100g (wet weight);
