Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); anadromus (ruaya dari laut ke air tawar) (Ref. 138280); kisaran kedalaman 6 - 53 m (Ref. 93286), usually 6 - 34 m (Ref. 93286). Subtropical; 49°N - 28°N, 82°W - 65°W (Ref. 54259)
North America: St. John River in Canada to St. Johns River in Florida, USA.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 50.0, range 45 - 55 cm
Max length : 143 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 6866); common length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 12193); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 23.0 kg (Ref. 6866); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 67 Tahun (Ref. 6866)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 33 - 42; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 18 - 24. Snout short, bluntly V-shaped, not upturned at tip. Barbels short (Ref. 7251). Absence of fontanelle and post dorsal shields. Single row of pre anal shields, 6-11 (Ref. 4639). Dorsal shields 7-13, lateral shields 22-34 (Ref. 4639). Blackish viscera (Ref. 37032). Head and back dark, lower surface white (Ref. 37032). Anal fin origin beneath dorsal fin origin (Ref. 86798).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: angular.
Inhabit river mouths, lakes, estuaries, and bays; occasionally enters the open sea. Feeds mostly at night over soft substrates; juveniles feed primarily on benthic crustaceans and insects, adults prey on benthic crustaceans, insects and mollusks (Ref. 93252). Maximum known age is 67 years for females and 30 years for males. Flesh of good quality; eggs are suitable for caviar (Ref. 3192).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 7.5 - 25.5, mean 15.6 °C (based on 138 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00155 - 0.00645), b=3.19 (3.02 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 23.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (K=0.04; tm=14-17; tmax=67; Fec=48,000).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
🛈
