分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
燕魟科 (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 108 m (Ref. 96339). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 5°S, 126°W - 85°W (Ref. 55258)
Eastern Pacific: Oregon, USA to Gulf of California (Ref. 2850) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 28023).
東太平洋: 美國的奧勒岡州到加州灣 (參考文獻 2850) 與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 100.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9257); 最大體重: 82.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Commonly found in sandy and muddy bays and sloughs, also on rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Sometimes buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Found singly or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bivalves, snails, polychaetes, shrimps, and crabs (Ref. 9257). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Not fished commercially, but shows up as by-catch species (Ref. 9257).
普遍地棲息於沙泥海灣與泥坑, 也在岩石的底部上與在海藻床中.(參考文獻 2850) 有時掩藏於沙子中。 (參考文獻 2850) 各別地或成群發現。 (參考文獻 12951) 吃二枚貝，蝸牛，多毛類動物，蝦與螃蟹。 (參考文獻 9257) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 在尾部上的有毒的棘。 不商業性地漁捕, 但是出現如誤捕種.(參考文獻 9257)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東太平洋: 美國的奧勒岡州到加州灣 (參考文獻 2850) 與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Myliobatidae. Aguilas marinas. p. 765-768. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9257)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 12.4 - 23, mean 20.6 °C (based on 34 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00124 - 0.01219), b=3.08 (2.83 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=3; tmax=23; k=0.09-0.22).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.59 [1.10, 170.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.647 [0.059, 7.948] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [15.2, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.050, 0.437] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [5.9, 146.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.22 [0.27, 34.64] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.476 [0.031, 5.520] mg/100g (wet weight);
