分類 / 名前
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: californica: Named after the state of California (Ref. 6885).
More on author: Ayres.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲
生態学
海 底生の; 深さの範囲 0 - 906 m (Ref. 96339), usually 3 - 200 m (Ref. 55307). Temperate; 48°N - 23°N, 126°W - 110°W (Ref. 55307)
Eastern Pacific: Dixon Entrance, British Columbia, Canada to Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Electric rays off Peru, Chile, and Japan may belong to this species (Ref. 2850).
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm ?, range 73 - ? cm
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Max length : 140 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12951); 137.0 cm TL (female); common length : 91.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 43939); common length :137 cm TL (female); 最大公表体重: 0.00 g; 最大記録サイズ: 16 年 (Ref. 48844)
簡単な記述
検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
Gray with scattered black spots dorsally, no ocelli. 1st dorsal fin much larger than 2nd. Spiracle margin smooth and without papillae.
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Found on the outer continental shelf, around rocks, in kelp beds, over fine sand bottoms or buried in sand. Solitary, nomadic, and can remain suspended in the water with minimal swimming (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bony fishes, mainly herrings and halibuts. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of up to 17 pups. Males reaches maturity at ca. 65 cm TL, females at ca. 73 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Attacks their prey from the substratum by day and actively forage at night with the aid of its electric organ discharge or EOD (Ref. 10011). The EOD of a large individual was measured at 50 V; with a low internal organ resistance the power output exceeded 1 kW (Ref. 10480). Aggressive when provoked but no human has yet been injured by the electric shock (Ref. 2850). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Reproductive cycle appears to be annual in males and biannual in females (Ref. 48844). No defined birthing season (Ref. 48844).
Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith, 1988. Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p. (Ref. 6793)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人間の用途
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インターネットの情報源
モデルに基づく推定値
好ましい温度 (参照
123201): 8.6 - 22.3, mean 12.8 °C (based on 100 cells).
系統多様性指数 (参照
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00678 - 0.03229), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (参照
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (参照
120179): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Fec = 17; tm=9; tmax=16).
漁業の脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
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