Περιβάλλον: περιβάλλον / κλιματική ζώνη / εύρος βάθους / εύρος διανομής
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) pelagic-oceanic; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 71039); εύρος βάθους 0 - 915 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). Subtropical; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 43); 44°N - 47°S, 18°E - 69°W (Ref. 43)
Indo-Pacific: tropical and subtropical waters, occasionally entering temperate waters. Stray individuals migrate into the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Cape of Good Hope, but the existence of Atlantic breeding stocks is unlikely. Highly migratory species.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Ηλικία
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 465 cm FL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 40637); common length : 380 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 30573); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 750.0 kg (Ref. 5503)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 39 - 50; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 16 - 21. Body elongate and not very compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust but not very long beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first less then the greatest body depth, becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and rigid, with 19 to 20 rays; body densely covered with small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 sharp points; back dark blue; belly silvery white; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black, without spots; flanks without spots (Ref. 55763). Dark blue above, silvery white below; sometimes with light blue vertical stripes; 1st dorsal fin blackish to dark blue, other fins dark brown with tinges of dark blue in some specimens.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Oceanic, usually found in surface waters above the thermocline, often near shore close to land masses, islands and coral reefs. Feed on fishes, squids, cuttlefishes, octopods, large decapod crustaceans and mostly on small tunas when abundant (Ref. 9668). The flesh is of good quality; marketed refrigerated or frozen and prepared as sashimi in Japan (Ref. 9308). Also Ref. 9692.
Κύκλος ζωής και συμπεριφορά ζευγαρώματος
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Believed to prefer water temperatures around 27° to 28°C during spawning. Egg counts of ripe roe totaled about 40 million per female.
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
Κατάσταση Κόκκινου Καταλόγου IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Απειλή για τον άνθρωπο
Harmless
Ανθρώπινες χρήσεις
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Ειδικές εκθέσεις
Λήψη XML
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Εκτιμήσεις βάσει μοντέλων
Προτιμώμενη θερμοκρασία (Αναφ.
123201): 16 - 28.4, mean 25.4 °C (based on 3272 cells).
Δείκτης φυλογενετικής ποικιλότητας (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00210 - 0.00949), b=3.13 (2.94 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.09-0.47; tmax=11; Fec=67 million; assuming tm>2).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Ευπάθεια στην αλιεία (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
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Ευπάθεια στο κλίμα (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
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Θρεπτικά συστατικά (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.2 [9.1, 31.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.771 [0.444, 1.305] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.3, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.117, 0.422] g/100g; Selenium = 66.5 [32.9, 124.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.68 [1.84, 17.81] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.339 [0.233, 0.495] mg/100g (wet weight);
