Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino; salmastro pelagic-neritic; distribuzione batimetrica 5 - ? m (Ref. 12166). Tropical; 39°N - 1°S, 103°E - 138°E (Ref. 54449)
Indo-Pacific: Indian Ocean (Kuwait Bay and Pondicherry), Java Sea (Singapore), East China Sea (Canton north to the Koreas and southern Japan, as far as Osaka on the Pacific coast and Fukuoka in Sea of Japan, also Peter the Great Bay in Soviet waters).
Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 56557); common length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 27773); peso massimo pubblicato: 140.00 g (Ref. 4883)
Breve descrizione
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 43 - 53. Body slender, belly with usually 24 to 25 + 10 to 15, total 34 to 42 scutes. Eye large, lower jaw projecting. Dorsal fin origin at about midpoint of body or a little behind; anal fin origin a little behind dorsal fin base. Swim bladder with a long tube passing back down right side of body above anal fin base.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found inshore, entering estuaries and presumably able to tolerate lowered salinities; also found in semi-enclosed sea areas (Ref. 11230). A warm-water species that does not reach the northern part of its range in cool years. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Temperatura preferita (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 17.6 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 396 cells).
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00444 - 0.01077), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (tm=2; Tmax=6-7; K=0.2-0.4).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.32, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrienti (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 104 [61, 212] mg/100g; Iron = 1.41 [0.84, 2.22] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.1, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.364 [0.193, 0.671] g/100g; Selenium = 44.5 [22.8, 87.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.5 [8.1, 52.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.15 [0.82, 1.60] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
