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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Brevoortia: From James Carson Brevoort (1818-1887), studie the fauna from Ohio and South Caroline (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: James Carson Brevoort (1818–1887) was an American collector of coins and rare books. [...] Dr Hugh McCormick Smith (1865–1941) was an American physician (1888) who became an ichthyologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Hildebrand.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 23°N, 92°W - 74°W (Ref. 188)
Western Central Atlantic: Beaufort, North Carolina, to Indian River, Florida; Gulf of Mexico (Florida Bay to Louisiana, with possible break between Biscayne Bay and Florida Bay) (Ref. 188). Hybridize with B. tyrannus and B. patronus (Ref. 84218).
中西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州的碧佛, 到佛羅里達的印地安河; 墨西哥灣.(佛羅里達海灣到路易斯安那,在畢士肯海灣與佛羅里達海灣之間可能中斷)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 37032); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Scutes apparent along belly; upper jaw with median notch. Pelvic fin with oblique and almost straight hind margin, the inner fin rays markedly shorter than outer fin rays when fin folded back. Pre-dorsal scales modified; scales in lateral series small and numerous, those on back and above anal fin markedly smaller than rest. A black spot behind gill opening, but none along flank (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a greenish or bluish back. Fins golden yellow (Ref. 7251).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
鱗甲明顯的沿著腹面; 上頜有中央的凹槽。 腹鰭有斜角與幾乎直的後緣, 內部的鰭條顯著短於外部的鰭條何時鰭褶背面。 前背部的鱗片修正; 在側線列的鱗片小又多的, 那些背面與上方臀鰭顯著地比休息更小。 一個黑色的斑點在後鰓裂, 但是沒有沿著側面.(參考文獻 188) 銀色的, 具有一個呈綠色或藍色的背面。 鰭金黃色的.(參考文獻 7251)
A schooling species (but perhaps not in the northern part of its range) occurring inshore and in bays and estuaries. Feeds by filtering phytoplankton. Breeds in winter, probably November through to February or March. Eggs and larvae are planktonic (Ref. 188). Parasitic copepod found in the stomach (Ref. 37032).
出現於沿海地區的一個群游性魚種 (但是可能不在它的分佈範圍的北部中) 與在海灣與河口中。 濾食浮游植物。 繁殖於冬天,可能十一月直到二月或三月。 卵與仔魚是浮游性。 (參考文獻 188) 寄生的橈腳類的動物發現於腹部了。 (參考文獻 37032)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Breeds in winter (eggs and larvae in plankton), probably November through to February or March (no data from Gulf of Mexico). 中西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州的碧佛, 到佛羅里達的印地安河; 墨西哥灣.(佛羅里達海灣到路易斯安那,在畢士肯海灣與佛羅里達海灣之間可能中斷)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 August 2012
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 22.9 - 26.7, mean 24.4 °C (based on 126 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00365 - 0.01576), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.3 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 112 [64, 193] mg/100g; Iron = 1.6 [0.9, 2.7] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.3, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.547 [0.334, 0.873] g/100g; Selenium = 20.1 [10.7, 37.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.4 [4.1, 25.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.93, 1.88] mg/100g (wet weight);
