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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Sardinella: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia; diminutive (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري pelagic-neritic; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 20 - 200 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 25°N - 7°N, 57°E - 81°E (Ref. 54872)
Indian Ocean: northern and western parts only, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, but apparently not Red Sea or the Persian Gulf, eastward to southern part of India, on eastern coast to Andhra; possibly to the Andaman Islands. Thus, studies pertaining to this species from the Philippines or Indonesia probably refer to Sardinella lemuru.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 16.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 188); common length : 20.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 188); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 200.00 g (Ref. 4883); العمر: 3 سنين (Ref. 3689)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 13 - 21; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 12 - 23; فقرات: 45 - 49. Body sub-cylindrical; a faint golden spot behind gill opening, followed by a faint golden mid-lateral line; a distinct black spot at hind border of gill cover (absence of pigment). Distinguished from all clupeids in the northern Indian Ocean by its pelvic fin ray count of i 8; from S. neglecta and S. lemuru by its longer head and more lower gill rakers. No prominent keel. See also Refs. 3683, 818 and 393 .
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Coastal pelagic (Ref. 68964). Forms schools in coastal waters and strongly migratory. Feeds mainly on phytoplankton (especially diatoms) and small crustaceans (Ref. 30573). Breeds once a year off western coasts of India when temperatures and salinity are low during the southwest monsoon months. Spawning peaks in August-September. Occurs at temperatures of 22.0-28.0 °C (Ref. 3689). Marketed fresh, dried and dried-salted. Also sold smoked and canned (Ref. 9987). Also made into fish meal and fish balls.
Spawning usually takes place at night (Ref. 810).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
درجة الحرارة المفضلة (مرجع
123201): 22.1 - 26.7, mean 24.7 °C (based on 63 cells).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00592 - 0.00808), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 2.4 ±0.22 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 (1.1 - 2.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.5-1.4; tm=2; tmax=3; Fec=19,028).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.69, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
ضعف الصيد (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
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قابلية التأثر بالمناخ (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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المغذيات (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 243 [124, 369] mg/100g; Iron = 1.94 [1.13, 3.42] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.145, 0.589] g/100g; Selenium = 130 [68, 257] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.9 [6.9, 69.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.3 [0.9, 1.8] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
