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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Poey.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 190 m (Ref. 55), usually 30 - 130 m (Ref. 55). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 4°S, 100°W - 40°W (Ref. 55228)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and eastern coast of the USA extending northward to Massachusetts, coasts of Florida (Ref. 26938), but rare north of the Carolinas. Throughout Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938). This species has been referred to as Lutjanus aya by previous authors, but Rivas (Ref. 6409) proved that Bodianus aya Bloch, 1790 is not a lutjanid, but probably a sciaenid.
西大西洋: 延伸的墨西哥灣與美國的東岸向北至麻薩諸塞州，佛羅里達 (參考文獻 26938) 的海岸，卡羅萊納州但是稀有北方。 在墨西哥灣各處.(參考文獻 26938) 這種已經被歸屬於 Lutjanus aya 由先前的命名者, 但是 Rivas(參考文獻 6409) 證明 Bodianus aya Bloch,1790 不是一個 lutjanid, 但是可能一個石首魚科魚類。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 39.3, range 25 - 47.5 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26938); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 22.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 57 年 (Ref. 48779)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Specimens under 30 to 35 cm with large dark spot on the upper sides, located below the anterior soft dorsal rays.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
鱗片列背面斜向上升在側線上面。 在 30 到 35 下面的標本公分在前面的軟背鰭鰭條之下被設置的上側面上有大的深色斑點。
Adults are found over rocky bottoms. Juveniles inhabit shallow waters, common over sand or muddy bottoms. Feed mainly on fishes, shrimps, crabs, worms, cephalopods, and some planktonic items including urochordates and gastropods. Marketed fresh and eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Heavily exploited in American waters where it is now closely protected; shrimp fishing, accused of destroying young snappers, is currently restricted.
成魚被發現岩石底部之上。 稚魚棲息於淺水域, 普遍在沙子或泥底部上。 主要吃魚，蝦，螃蟹，蠕蟲，頭足類動物與一些浮游性項目包括海鞘類與腹足動物。 在市場上銷售生鮮地而且清蒸了, 火烤了而且燒烤了。 (參考文獻 9988) 在美國水域大量開採在那裡它現在嚴密地保護; 捕蝦漁業,被控破壞幼魚笛鯛, 現在被限制。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 延伸的墨西哥灣與美國的東岸向北至麻薩諸塞州，佛羅里達 (參考文獻 26938) 的海岸，卡羅萊納州但是稀有北方。 在墨西哥灣各處.(參考文獻 26938) 這種已經被歸屬於 Lutjanus aya 由先前的命名者, 但是 Rivas(參考文獻 6409) 證明 Bodianus aya Bloch,1790 不是一個 lutjanid, 但是可能一個石首魚科魚類。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受傷害 (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 10 August 2015
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 19.7 - 27.5, mean 24.4 °C (based on 218 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01320 - 0.01657), b=2.96 (2.94 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.9 ±0.72 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 (6.1 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.05-0.35; tmax=57; tm=2-4.5; Fec > 1 million).
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.4 [7.2, 20.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.274 [0.163, 0.455] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.195 [0.122, 0.314] g/100g; Selenium = 42 [23, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 59 [11, 265] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.245 [0.180, 0.365] mg/100g (wet weight);
