分類 / 名稱
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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
鱈科 (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Melanogrammus: Greek, melan, -anos = black + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 450 m, usually 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 79°N - 36°N, 76°W - 62°E
North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic. Mediterranean Sea to southern Greenland, Iceland, and southern Barents Sea.
東北大西洋: 對 Spitzbergen 的比斯開灣; 在巴倫支海中對新地島; 冰島的周圍; 稀有的在格陵蘭南部。 西北大西洋: 岬五月, 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 34.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 112 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5951); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4645); 最大體重: 16.8 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 4645)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Mouth relatively small; lower jaw shorter than the upper jaw; chin barbel rather small. Lateral line dark, uninterrupted to about the end of the body. Lateral-line pores present on head. Scales overlapping. A large dark blotch is above the pectoral fin just below the lateral line.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
嘴相當小的; 下頜短於上頜; 下巴觸鬚相當小。 側線黑的, 不間斷的到大約身體的末端。 側線孔位於頭部之上。 鱗片部分重疊的。 一個大的黑色斑塊在側線正下方是上方胸鰭。
Adults are found more commonly from 80 to 200 m, over rock, sand, gravel or shells, usually at temperatures between 4° and 10°C. Feed mainly on small bottom-living organisms including crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, worms and fishes (sand lance, capelin, silver hake, American eels, herring and argentines) (Ref. 5951). A batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Undertakes extensive migrations in the Barents Sea and Iceland. Sold fresh, chilled as fillets, frozen, smoked and canned. Also utilized for fish meal and animal feeds. Can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
成魚從 80 到 200 公尺更通常被發現,在岩石，沙子，礫石或貝殼之上, 通常在 4個 ° 與 10個 ° C. 之間的溫度 主要捕食包括甲殼動物，軟體動物，棘皮動物，蠕蟲與魚 (沙子鎗矛， capelin, 銀色的鱈魚，美國鰻魚，鯡魚與銀) 的小型底棲性生物。 (參考文獻 5951) 一個分批產卵者.(參考文獻 51846) 在巴倫支海與冰島中進行廣泛的迴游。 生鮮販賣., 冷凍的如被凍結, 煙燻而且裝於罐頭的魚排。 也利用魚粉與動物飼料。 能被蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988)
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205). Spawning occurs in typically marine waters between 50 and 150 m depth (Ref. 1371).東北大西洋: 對 Spitzbergen 的比斯開灣; 在巴倫支海中對新地島; 冰島的周圍; 稀有的在格陵蘭南部。 西北大西洋: 岬五月, 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受傷害 (VU) (A1d+2d); Date assessed: 01 August 1996
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 1.4 - 12.1, mean 8.4 °C (based on 1651 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00583 - 0.00748), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.6 - 5.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 36
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=0.54-1.2; K=0.12-0.30; tm=2-6.5; tmax=20; Fec=100,000).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 41 full stock assessments.
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [3.2, 40.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.175 [0.075, 0.825] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.617 [0.316, 1.243] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [12.1, 89.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.92 [2.06, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.309 [0.168, 0.623] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
