分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶; 13°N - 9°S
Western Atlantic: West Indies and the Atlantic coasts of Central and South America to southeastern Brazil.
西大西洋: 對巴西東南方的西印度群島與中美洲與南美洲的大西洋海岸。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ?, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3791); 35.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
Mainly found in brackish estuaries but also in marine and hyper-saline waters (Ref. 5217). During reproduction, they gather in small groups at the mouth of coastal rivers and creeks. Reproduction occurs in the early part of the year. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Eggs which are rich in yolk are spawned by the millions. Upon hatching, juveniles move up to the swamps and coastal rivers over long distances, to seek for food and to protect themselves against predators (Ref. 35237). Marketed fresh or salted (Ref. 5217). The roe is marketed salt-pickled and dried and considered a delicacy (Ref. 5217).
主要地发现于半咸淡的河口了也在海洋与高盐度的水域中.(参考文献 5217) 在繁殖的时候，他们在沿海的河川与小溪的嘴巴聚集形成小群鱼群。 繁殖发生于每年的早期。 卵那是丰富的在卵黄被产卵藉由百万。 孵化时，稚鱼向上移动到在长的距离上的沼泽与沿海的河川, 寻找食物而且保护他们自己免于掠食者.(参考文献 35237) 在市场上销售生鲜地了或盐腌的.(参考文献 5217) 鱼白被在市场上销售盐渍的而且乾制了而且被认为是一个佳肴.(参考文献 5217)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning seems to take place in small groups in river mouths. Females lay millions of relatively large eggs rich in yolk.西大西洋: 對巴西東南方的西印度群島與中美洲與南美洲的大西洋海岸。
Thomson, J.M., 1978. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3791)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 26.7 - 28.1, mean 27.4 °C (based on 46 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00600 - 0.01591), b=2.91 (2.78 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 2.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.67-1.0;).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 482 [175, 1,568] mg/100g; Iron = 3.8 [0.7, 17.5] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.6, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.359 [0.158, 0.859] g/100g; Selenium = 150 [48, 491] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.99 [2.21, 28.34] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.19 [1.47, 7.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
