分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Pardachirus: Greek, pardias, -ou = a fish similar to grey mullet + Greek, cheir = hand (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 15 m (Ref. 3200). 熱帶
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Persian Gulf to Durban, South Africa and Sri Lanka (Ref. 30573).
西印度洋: 紅海與波斯灣到南非的德爾班與斯里蘭卡.(參考文獻 30573)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 11441); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3505)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 63 - 74; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 48 - 55; 脊椎骨: 37 - 39.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Occurs in shallow coastal waters, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on bottom living invertebrates. Marketed fresh. Produces a bitter toxic substance from the bases of the dorsal and anal fin rays that deters predation, even by sharks (Ref. 9710) and thus may prove valuable as a shark repellent (Ref. 4537).
在沙与泥底部上, 出现于沿岸浅水区。 (参考文献 30573) 主要吃底部活的无脊椎动物。 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 产生一个制止掠食的背鳍与臀鳍鳍条的非常有毒物质从基底, 甚至藉着鲨鱼 (参考文献 9710) 而且如此可能证明有价值的作为一个鲨鱼驱除剂.(参考文献 4537)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西印度洋: 紅海與波斯灣到南非的德爾班與斯里蘭卡.(參考文獻 30573)
Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon, 1986. Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 25 - 29.3, mean 28 °C (based on 1176 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00454 - 0.02011), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.8 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 70 [25, 246] mg/100g; Iron = 0.567 [0.225, 1.147] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.6, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0627 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 23.4 [11.6, 52.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 70.4 [18.7, 272.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.69, 1.72] mg/100g (wet weight);
