分類 / 名稱
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Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
鰨科 (Soles)
Etymology: Pardachirus: Greek, pardias, -ou = a fish similar to grey mullet + Greek, cheir = hand (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 40 m (Ref. 1602). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Samoa and Tonga (Ref. 2334), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to Onslow, Australia.
印度-太平洋: 斯里蘭卡東至美屬薩摩亞與東加 (參考文獻 2334), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至旺斯羅 (澳洲).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2334); common length : 12.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9893)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 62 - 73; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 48 - 55. Eyes on right side. Dorsal and anal fins separate from caudal fin; pectoral fins absent; pelvic fins unequal, the right one with an elongated base and attached posteriorly to genital papilla (Ref. 9893). Series of toxic glands along the bases of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, their pores visible (Ref. 9893). Reddish brown, densely spotted on head; body and fins of ocular surface also with spots of various sizes and shapes, bordered by a dark rim and some with a blackish spot on center (Ref. 9893).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
眼睛在右邊上。 背鰭與臀鰭與尾鰭分開; 胸鰭不存在; 腹鰭不相等的, 一個右邊的有一個瘦長的基底而且後面連接到生殖乳突.(參考文獻 9893) 成列的有毒腺沿著背鰭基底- 與臀鰭棘條他們的孔看得見的.(參考文獻 9893) 紅褐色的, 在頭部上有密集的斑點; 身體與有眼睛的一面的鰭也有被與一個深色的邊緣接壤而且在中心上一些具有一個黑色的斑點的各種不同大小與形狀的斑點。 (參考文獻 9893)
Occurs on sand and mud bottoms of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602, 48637). Burries itself in the sand (Ref. 48637). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, especially small crustaceans (Ref. 9893). Extract from sac under the skin is toxic (Ref. 559) and the mucus appears to have shark-repellent qualities.
生活於潟湖與臨海礁石的沙與泥底部。 (參考文獻 1602) 主要吃底棲的無脊椎動物, 尤其小型甲殼動物.(參考文獻 9893) 來自在皮膚下面的囊的分泌物是有毒的 (參考文獻 559) ，而且黏液似乎有驅離鯊魚的性質。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 斯里蘭卡東至美屬薩摩亞與東加 (參考文獻 2334), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至旺斯羅 (澳洲).
Allen, G.R. and R. Swainston, 1988. The marine fishes of north-western Australia: a field guide for anglers and divers. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 201 p. (Ref. 3132)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 March 2015
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 24.8 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 986 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00579 - 0.01726), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.1 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 68.5 [25.4, 247.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.583 [0.244, 1.161] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.3, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0664 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [14.6, 61.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65.7 [17.3, 257.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.74, 1.78] mg/100g (wet weight);
