Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 30 - 600 m (Ref. 6808), usually 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 56°N - 37°S, 19°W - 23°E
Eastern Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean (British Isles to Mozambique) and the Mediterranean Sea.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 11284); 202.0 cm TL (female)
Description synthétique
Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
A giant skate with a broad-based, abruptly narrow-tipped snout covered with small, sharp thorns; pectoral disc angular, and no thorns on nape or back, but three rows of large thorns on tail (Ref. 5578). Larger immature and adult individuals grey with numerous small white spots above, underside white with no black pores; hatchlings plain reddish-brown above, often with blue spots, and white below with broad dusky grey margins on disc (Ref. 5578).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Inhabit shelf and slope waters (Ref. 4426). Found on sand and rock-sand bottom (Ref. 6808). A bottom-predator of bony fishes, other elasmobranchs, fish offal, crabs, shrimps, mysids, octopi, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 4426. Maximum length for female is 202 cm (Ref. 41333). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.5-18.3 cm long and 10.0-13.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 55-156 eggs are produced per individual annually (Ref. 41250).
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs are laid in huge cases and take up to 18 months to hatch (Ref. 5578). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Traumatogenic (Ref. 5578)
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; pêche sportive: oui
Outils
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 8.8 - 17.5, mean 13.5 °C (based on 474 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00258 - 0.00354), b=3.23 (3.19 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 4.4 ±0.83 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Fec=55).
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [2.5, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.67 [0.17, 1.98] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.497 [0.171, 1.832] g/100g; Selenium = 34.5 [10.7, 119.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.38 [3.06, 30.12] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.375 [0.184, 0.690] mg/100g (wet weight);
