Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre benthopélagique; anadrome. Temperate
Arctic Ocean basin, from Ponoi (Kola Peninsula, White Sea basin) eastward to Anadyr (Siberia), Yukon (Alaska) and Mackenzie (Canada) drainages.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 59043)
Found in the pelagic zone at the sea with salinity up to 20 ppt. Inhabits large lowland and piedmont rivers and lakes. Prefers cold water with temperatures below 16° C. Forages and overwinters in lower reaches of large rives, deltas, estuaries and sea, sometimes far from coast. Anadromous or semi-anadromous, living in some rivers and landlocked in some lakes. Undertakes migration to spawn in rivers, moving upstream for long distances, up to uppermost reaches in European rivers. Populations in the lake migrate into tributaries. Juveniles prey on mysids, insect larvae and fry, shifting exclusively to piscivory at about 30 cm SL. Actively feeds on all available fishes. Spawning takes place over shallow waters with sand-gravel bottom and 2-3 m depth (Ref. 59043).
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Spawning usually takes place only 1-2 times during life, rarely 3, usually every 2-3 years (Ref. 59043).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Outils
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00193 - 0.01082), b=3.13 (2.92 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 20.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (tm=4-16).
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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