Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau bentopelagis. Tropical; 21°C - 30°C (Ref. 36880); 37°N -
Central and South America: Pacific drainages from Baja California, Mexico to Peru.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 40637); common length : 33.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9114); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.6 kg (Ref. 4699)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Body oblong, somewhat compressed, and not deep (depth contained 3.1 to 3.8 times in standard length); mouth large, terminal, and almost horizontal, its posterior edge located at the same level as the anterior rim of the eye; first gill arch with 7 to 9 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 12 to 13 spines and 12 soft rays (XII-XIII, 12); pectoral fins short, not reaching distal edge of pelvic fins; second anal spine longer and thicker than third; back olive green; belly silvery; entire body iridescent (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Benthic-pelagic species of coastal waters which may enter rivers (Ref. 55763). Apparently confined to fresh waters, ascending rivers with moderate currents (Ref. 9114). More abundant near the outlets of rivers and creeks, but not in brackish or marine waters. Reaches at least 640 m elevation and inhabits currents of low to moderate velocity. Feed on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 36880). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9114).
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 24.6 - 27.1, mean 25.9 °C (based on 10 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00538 - 0.01619), b=2.91 (2.76 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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