分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 10 - 100 m (Ref. 5222), usually 30 - 80 m (Ref. 89707). 亞熱帶的; 23°S - 35°S, 29°E - 38°E (Ref. 5222)
分布
领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Western Indian Ocean: Quissico, Mozambique to East London, South Africa.
西印度洋: Quissico, 到南非的東倫敦的莫三比克。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); 最大体重: 13.0 kg (Ref. 4787)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body, dorsal and caudal fins pale brown, with numerous dark brown spots; ventral parts of head and body lacking spots; juveniles, many of the spots merge to form double spots; prominent dark brown streak along the upper edge of maxillary groove; margin of interspinous dorsal fin membranes yellow or gold; soft dorsal and anal fin dusky distally, with prominent white edge; upper and lower edges of posterior part of caudal fin white edged; pectoral fins yellowish or reddish orange; body depth less than head length, 2.6-3.0 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; angular preopercle, 2-3 enlarged serrae at the angle; upper edge of operculum straight or convex; naked maxilla, without a step on ventral edge; caudal fin truncate, corners rounded in adults, posterior edge convex in juveniles; lateral body scales ctenoid, with few auxiliary scales in adults (Ref. 089707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found over rocks and corals at depths of at least 100 m. Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, also on fishes and squids (Ref. 4787, 5213).
发现在岩石与珊瑚深度至少 100 公尺上了。 主要吃底栖的无脊椎动物，也吃鱼与乌贼。 (参考文献 4787,5213)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西印度洋: Quissico, 到南非的東倫敦的莫三比克。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受伤害 (VU) (A4bd); Date assessed: 20 November 2016
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业
工具
特别资料
下载 XML
网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 21.9 - 25.4, mean 24.5 °C (based on 22 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00651 - 0.02433), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.2 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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