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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Stolephorus: Greek, stole, -es = garment + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
Taxonomic Remarks
Information by locality and reference are being linked to respective valid species: balinensis, belaerius, commersonnii, scitulius (Ref. 123745).
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة pelagic-neritic; محيطية; نطاق العمق 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 30°N - 37°S, 23°E - 144°W (Ref. 189)
Indian Ocean: from the Red Sea to Ranong and Phuket, Thailand.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 9.0, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 15.5 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573); common length : 12.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 17; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 19 - 21. Diagnosis: Body slender, elongate, rather round in cross-section, belly rounded, with 2-6 small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes; maxilla tip pointed, reaching to or only just beyond front border of pre-operculum; hind border of pre-operculum convex, rounded; lower gillrakers 20-28; isthmus muscle tapering evenly forward to hind border of branchial membrane; pelvic fin tips not reaching to below dorsal fin origin; anal fin short, with usually 3 unbranched and 16-18 branched finrays, its origin below centre of dorsal fin base; body light transparent fleshy brown, with a silver stripe down flank; no dark pigment lines on back between head and dorsal fin (Ref. 189). Other species with such a short maxilla are Stolephorus advenus, with 7 pre-pelvic scutes, and S. pacificus, with 35-38 gillrakers; maxilla to or almost to hind border of pre-operculum in other Stolephorus species (Ref. 189).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters and which appears to enter at least the estuarine parts of rivers and to tolerate brackish water. Coastal pelagic (Ref. 68964). Feeds most likely on zooplankton, but more data needed. Used as bait in the tuna fishery in the South Pacific, although said to be fragile. Also Ref. 58652.
In Manila Bay, migrates out into deeper and more saline water to breed (at about 9 cm SL and above), returning immediately thereafter.
Hata, H., S. Lavoué and H. Motomura, 2021. Taxonomic status of nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus previously regarded as synonyms of Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède 1803 and Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt 1823), and descriptions of three new species (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyol. Res. 68(3):327-372. (Ref. 123745)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; طعم: occasionally
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
درجة الحرارة المفضلة (مرجع
123201): 24.2 - 28.7, mean 27.9 °C (based on 362 cells).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00352 - 0.00622), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=0.71-1.42).
ضعف الصيد (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
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المغذيات (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 388 [142, 1,010] mg/100g; Iron = 2.22 [1.20, 3.83] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.1, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.12, 0.64] g/100g; Selenium = 59.4 [25.1, 135.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.6 [6.0, 101.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.38 [1.55, 3.73] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
