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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); gracile: gracile (Latin)=slender or thin (Ref. 1094, Ref.79012).
More on author: Girard.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 28°N
North America: Mississippi River basin from central Illinois and northeastern Missouri to Louisiana; extends up Arkansas and Red River drainages to southeastern Kansas and eastern Oklahoma; and Gulf Slope drainages from Tombigbee River (1 record) in Mississippi to Nueces River in Texas in the USA.
北美洲: 來自伊利諾州中部與東北方的密蘇里到路易斯安那的密西西比河流域; 在阿肯色河與紅河流域到堪薩斯州東南方與俄克拉荷馬州東部上面延伸; 而且海灣斜坡流域從在密西西比的 Tombigbee 河 (1 記錄) 到 Nueces 河在美國的德克薩斯。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 6.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 4.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
Occur in standing or slow-flowing water over mud, often in vegetation (Ref. 5723, 10294). Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).
出现于在泥上的不动或缓慢流动的水,常见于植物中。
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 來自伊利諾州中部與東北方的密蘇里到路易斯安那的密西西比河流域; 在阿肯色河與紅河流域到堪薩斯州東南方與俄克拉荷馬州東部上面延伸; 而且海灣斜坡流域從在密西西比的 Tombigbee 河 (1 記錄) 到 Nueces 河在美國的德克薩斯。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
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基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00303 - 0.01510), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.2 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=4).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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