分類 / 名前
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲
生態学
海 底生の; 深さの範囲 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 42.1, range 20 - 70 cm
Max length : 140 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 1371); 最大公表体重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); 最大記録サイズ: 20 年 (Ref. 35388)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 43 - 51; 臀鰭: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人間の用途
水産業: 高い商業の; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
モデルに基づく推定値
好ましい温度 (参照
123201): 6.9 - 15.4, mean 10.2 °C (based on 672 cells).
系統多様性指数 (参照
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00447 - 0.00588), b=3.11 (3.07 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (参照
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.2 (8.5 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 92
growth studies.
回復力 (参照
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.1; tm=3, tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million).
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 34 full stock assessments.
漁業の脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
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気候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
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栄養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.42 [4.50, 24.86] mg/100g; Iron = 0.22 [0.08, 0.52] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.172, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [19.1, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.4, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.246 [0.175, 0.341] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
