Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser bathydemersal; tiefenbereich 100 - 700 m (Ref. 56504). Deep-water; 73°N - 26°N, 30°W - 37°E (Ref. 54564)
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland southward to Cape Bojador (26°N), West Sahara and in the western Mediterranean.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 25.8 range ? - ? cm
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Max length : 60.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3397); max. veröff. Gewicht: 0.00 g; max. veröff. Alter: 16 Jahre (Ref. 108908)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 85 - 94; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 64 - 74. Dorsal fin origin closer to tip of snout than to anterior edge of eye. Dorsal and anal fins terminate just a little on the blind side of the caudal peduncle. Lateral line forms a distinct curve above the pectoral fin. Dorsal and anal fin with indefinite darker spots posteriorly.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults occur on soft bottoms. Depth range from 100-400 m (Ref. 06302) and from 288-700 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on small bottom-living fishes as well as squids and crustaceans (Ref. 4703). Spawning occurs in deep waters off Iceland and west of the British Isles (Ref. 35388).
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Scophthalmidae. p. 1026. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6501)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 6.3 - 11.4, mean 7.7 °C (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00377 - 0.00608), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.5 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.13; tm=2-4; Fec = 26,522; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.41, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.62, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [10.9, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.309 [0.126, 0.732] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.17, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [4.4, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [2.5, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.285 [0.146, 0.582] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
