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South America: northern Cubatão River in Santa Catarina and upper Paraná River basin in Brazil (Ref. 36801). Reported from Argentina (Ref. 51923). 南美洲: 在巴西的聖保羅與上面的巴拉納河流域的 Cubatao 河北部.(參考文獻 36801) 記錄來自阿根廷了。 (參考文獻 51923)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 31.2 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114987); common length : 25.3 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 56003); 最大體重: 433.00 g (Ref. 114987)
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00649 - 0.01472), b=3.13 (3.01 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100). 🛈