Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; não migratória (Ref. 129244); intervalo de profundidade 2 - 275 m (Ref. 4727), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; ? - 28°C; 43°N - 35°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western and Eastern Atlantic.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 23.0, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. publicado: 5.4 kg (Ref. 4699); idade máx. registrada: 23 anos (Ref. 131113)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 3; Raios dorsais (total) : 29 - 32; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 27 - 29. Greenish or bluish gray on back, orange-yellow on lower part of head and abdomen, with two broad diagonal curved bright blue bands running from snout to below and in front of pectoral fins, the lowermost continuous with a blue ring around lips; a broad blue bar across caudal peduncle, and blue sub-marginal bands in median fins (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults are found over rocky or coral areas (Ref. 5217). May form schools, sometimes solitary over sand and grassy areas. They feed mainly on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 4727). They prey on sea urchins by blowing water to overturn it and then attack it where the spines are short (Ref. 9710). Excellent food fish but occasionally can cause intoxication due to the liver.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Poisonous to eat
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 694 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02818 (0.02360 - 0.03365), b=2.90 (2.85 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.15; tm=2-4; tmax=23).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.5 [11.1, 71.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.509 [0.261, 1.159] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.5, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.147 [0.086, 0.260] g/100g; Selenium = 55.9 [27.7, 119.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 38.8 [10.7, 149.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.768 [0.513, 1.158] mg/100g (wet weight);
