分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 pelagic-oceanic; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 69°N - 24°N, 18°W - 17°E
Northeast Atlantic: found in the western Mediterranean and in the Atlantic around the Strait of Gibraltar and to the south along the Moroccan coast.
東北大西洋: 發現於地中海西部了與直布羅陀海峽的周圍大西洋而且向南沿著摩洛哥海岸。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 128593); common length : 10.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 48.98 g (Ref. 128593); 最大年龄: 3.00 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Eyes large; mouth oblique; chin barbel absent. Color varies from pink to light brown dorsally, silvery on sides and ventrally (Ref. 1371). Scales large, silvery and easily detached. Lateral line ends in 7 open mucus grooves on the upper side of the head (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
眼大的; 嘴斜角; 下巴触须不存在。 颜色从粉红色到淡褐色背面改变, 银色的在腹部与侧面上.(参考文献 1371) 鳞片大的, 银色的而且容易地分离了。 侧线在头部的上侧面上的 7个开放的黏液凹槽结束。 (参考文献 35388)
Occurs in large schools over mud, muddy sand, gravel and rock bottoms. Feeds on small crustaceans and maybe worms. Preyed upon by other valuable fish (Ref. 1371). Spawns in the winter in the western Mediterranean and in the spring farther north (Ref. 35388).
形成大群的鱼群泥之上，泥泞的沙子，砾石与石质底部。 吃小型甲壳动物与也许蠕虫。 被其他的有价值的鱼捕食了。 (参考文献 1371) 在地中海西部与春天产卵在冬天更北方.(参考文献 35388)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The major spawning grounds are located in the western part of the Mediterranean, on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar, in deep water.東北大西洋: 發現於地中海西部了與直布羅陀海峽的周圍大西洋而且向南沿著摩洛哥海岸。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 3.4 - 13.9, mean 7.9 °C (based on 254 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00556 - 0.00786), b=3.08 (3.03 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.50; tmax=3.0).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.8 [31.4, 132.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.258, 1.013] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.3, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.96 [0.45, 2.06] g/100g; Selenium = 12.2 [5.0, 31.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.4 [5.5, 106.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.755 [0.473, 1.180] mg/100g (wet weight);
