分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 57987); 深度上下限 10 - 90 m (Ref. 1371), usually 10 - 50 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 70°N - 44°N, 24°W - 22°E
Northeast Atlantic: around the British Isles and northward along the European coasts to northern Norway. Also found at the Faeroe Islands and Iceland.
東北大西洋: 英國島與北方的周圍沿著歐洲的岸邊到挪威北部。 也發現於法羅群島與冰島。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 6.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371)
背的軟條 (總數) : 48 - 51; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 41 - 43. Head relatively large, less than five times in SL. Skin fold above the upper lip with three pairs of lobes or small barbels. First fin ray followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments (Ref. 1371). One barbel on the lower jaw and four on the snout (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
頭部相當大的, 少於五倍於分之一標準體長。 皮膚以三對葉或小的觸鬚在上面上嘴唇摺疊。 第一個鰭鰭條跟隨著一列小又肉質的絲狀突起了。 (參考文獻 1371) 一個觸鬚在下頜上與四在吻部上.(參考文獻 35388)
Found in the sublittoral zone, on sand or mud bottoms. Feed mostly on decapod crustaceans, lobsters, crabs, mysids and polychaetes (Ref. 3663). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Spawning may take place in deeper waters (Ref. 57987).
在沙或泥底部上, 發現於亞潮帶.。 大部分吃十足目的甲殼動物，龍蝦，螃蟹，糠蝦與多毛類動物。 (參考文獻 3663) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 產卵可能在較深的水域中發生。 (參考文獻 57987)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Probably pairs up during breeding (Ref. 205).東北大西洋: 英國島與北方的周圍沿著歐洲的岸邊到挪威北部。 也發現於法羅群島與冰島。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2014
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 7.7 - 12.3, mean 10.3 °C (based on 564 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00420 - 0.01251), b=3.14 (2.99 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=1; tmax=3).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79 [39, 186] mg/100g; Iron = 0.47 [0.24, 0.96] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.7, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.445 [0.215, 0.871] g/100g; Selenium = 12.5 [5.8, 34.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [3.4, 46.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.834 [0.570, 1.278] mg/100g (wet weight);
