Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 20 - 325 m (Ref. 114953). Temperate; 27°S - 36°S, 150°E - 154°E (Ref. 114953)
Western Pacific: endemic to eastern Australia.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 45.5, range 43 - 48 cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 114953)
Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 6871, 75154). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules measure 5.7 cm long and 3.2 cm wide (Ref. 41308). Males reaches maturity at 43-48 cm TL. Biology poorly known; probably have suffered population declines in recent years (Ref. 114953).
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bycatch
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 18.6 - 21.4, mean 20 °C (based on 8 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
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