Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina pelagic-neritic; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 100 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), northern Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola, including the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
Comprimento na primeira maturidade / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 27000); common length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. Publicado: 1.8 kg (Ref. 57401)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 6; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 9; Espinhos anais: 2; Raios anais moles: 8. Diagnosis: 102-119 scales in lateral line; no chevrons on the flanks or, if present, not so well marked as in Sphyraena afra (Ref. 57401).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Occurs in shallow and generally turbid coastal water over muddy bottoms, often around river estuaries. Schooling species (Ref. 6949). Occasionally enters estuaries and brackish waters (Ref. 57401). Feeds on mainly on fishes belonging to the Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Lutjanidae and Synodontidae families and also on squid from the Loliginidae family (Ref. 9626). Maximum reported size: 71cm (Ref. 57401). Marketed fresh and salted.
Ciclo de vida e comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 19.4 - 27.9, mean 25.1 °C (based on 752 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00517 - 0.01220), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
🛈
Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.1 [7.1, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.505 [0.233, 1.049] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.7, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.093, 0.486] g/100g; Selenium = 26.1 [11.5, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.29 [1.11, 31.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.219, 0.563] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.