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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Ctenosciaena: Greek, kteis, ktenos = comb + Greek, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 10 - 130 m (Ref. 9626), usually 10 - 80 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 13°N - 34°S, 77°W - 38°W
Western Atlantic: Nicaragua along the Caribbean coast and Atlantic coasts of South America to southern Brazil.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9626); common length : 16.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3702); publicerad maxvikt: 77.20 g (Ref. 118626)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 21 - 24; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7 - 8. Body silvery, grey on back and white on belly. Inside of opercle lining black, appearing as a dark triangular blotch externally. Base of pectoral fin and axil with a dark spot. Upper half of spinous dorsal fin dusky. Other fins pale. Mouth moderately large, slightly inferior. Tip of chin with a pointed flexible barbel. Gas bladder carrot-shaped, without appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) thick and ovoid, lapillus (small earstone) rudimentary (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits coastal waters, usually over sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 3702). Feeds mainly on shrimps (Ref. 3702). Important food fish.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; bete: usually
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 27.8, mean 26.1 °C (based on 290 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00797 - 0.00952), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 175 [98, 350] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.56, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.267 [0.136, 0.465] g/100g; Selenium = 49.7 [24.9, 98.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.7 [12.5, 133.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.89, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);
