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Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Osmeridae (Smelts)
Etymology: Osmerus: Greek, osme = odorous; similar to freshly cut cucumbers (Ref. 45335); mordax: mordax meaning biting (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Mitchill.
Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; Água doce; estuarina pelagic-oceanic; anádromo (Ref. 138124); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 425 m (Ref. 58426), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 96339). Temperate; 6°C - 18°C (Ref. 1998); 73°N - 41°N, 167°W - 53°W (Ref. 86798)
North Atlantic: Atlantic drainages from Lake Melville in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to Delaware River in Pennsylvania, USA and west through Great lakes. Arctic and Pacific drainages from Bathurst Inlet, Northwest Territories to Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Also Pacific drainages of Asia.
Comprimento na primeira maturidade / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 19.5 range ? - 19.8 cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1998); Idade máx. registada: 7 anos (Ref. 52222)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 8; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 12 - 16; Vértebras: 58 - 70. Body elongate, laterally compressed, greatest depth at anterior of dorsal fin origin. Head moderate; eye moderately large; snout elongate, pointed. Mouth large; lower jaw protruding, maxillary extending to middle of eye or beyond, well toothed on vomer, palatine, pterygoid, basibranchial, dentary, maxillary, and tongue. Teeth specially enlarged on tongue and front of vomer. Body color is pale green on back, with purple, blue, and pink iridescent reflections on the side when freshly caught.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Inhabits cool clear lakes, medium to large rivers, and coastal waters (Ref. 86798). A schooling species that occurs in midwater of lakes or inshore coastal waters (Ref. 1998); at temperatures ranging from 7.2-15.6°C. Coastal population are anadromous (Ref, 86798). Migrates up to 1,000 km upstream in rivers (Ref. 6793). Occurs possibly to 425 m (Ref. 2851). Feeds on invertebrates such as amphipods, ostracods, aquatic insect larvae and aquatic worms (Ref. 1998); food also include copepods, euphausiids, mysids and small fishes (silversides, mummichogs and herring) (Ref. 5951, 10294). Headed, gutted, sold fresh, frozen and precooked. Eaten sautéed and fried (Ref. 9988).
Spawning runs occur when temperature is between 8.9-18.3°C, may last for 3 weeks, peak for 1 week. Lengths of both sexes decrease as spawning progress. Two or more tuberculated males maintain position against a female in swift water, eggs released in clusters and presumably milt released simultaneously. Spawning usually takes place at night, spawners move downstream to the lake during daytime.
Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke, 2011. Biodiversity of the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 0.2 - 6.9, mean 2.7 °C (based on 724 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00327 - 0.00508), b=3.15 (3.08 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.31; tm=2-6; tmax=6; Fec=8,500).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.1 [21.0, 119.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.477 [0.226, 1.202] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [14.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.853 [0.430, 1.777] g/100g; Selenium = 14.5 [6.4, 42.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14 [4, 47] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.827 [0.530, 1.309] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
