Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino; salmastro pelagic-oceanic; distribuzione batimetrica 22 - 500 m (Ref. 58489), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 9072). Subtropical; 23°S - 50°S, 112°E - 176°W
Southwest Pacific: Australia and New Zealand waters. Two subpopulations probably exist in the Great Australian Bight and southeastern Australia, respectively, and two species or subspecies in the southeastern group (Ref. 7456).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 20.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 33839); common length : 35.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9258); Età massima riportata: 25 anni (Ref. 9072)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 9; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 27 - 33; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 22 - 29; Vertebre: 24. Adults are elongate and compressed, and have a primary lateral line with 67-81 scutes, a secondary lateral line reaching to dorsal-fin ray 2, and a yellow caudal fin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur in coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563), mostly in waters shallower than 150 m and warmer than 13°C (Ref. 9072). Commonly found on the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258), in large schools (Ref. 33616). Adults are generally found over offshore rocky reefs, while juveniles are generally found in shallow, soft substrate areas (Ref. 6390). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; esca: usually
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Stime basate su modelli
Temperatura preferita (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 13.1 - 21.2, mean 15.3 °C (based on 70 cells).
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01002 - 0.03014), b=2.99 (2.84 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.30; tm=3-4; tmax=25).
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Nutrienti (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 263 [161, 434] mg/100g; Iron = 3.76 [2.23, 6.42] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [19.0, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.383 [0.249, 0.578] g/100g; Selenium = 26.8 [14.7, 49.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.05 [2.13, 29.13] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.37 [1.72, 3.33] mg/100g (wet weight);
