| Species | Name Used in Reference |
|---|---|
| Xenurolebias cricarensis Costa, 2014 | Xenurolebias cricarensis (p. 16) |
| Xenurolebias izecksohni (Da Cruz, 1983) | Xenurolebias izecksohni (p. 13) |
| Xenurolebias myersi (Carvalho, 1971) | Xenurolebias myersi (p. 18) |
| Xenurolebias pataxo Costa, 2014 | Xenurolebias pataxo (p. 20) |
| Xenurolebias tupinikin Gomes, Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro & Leite, 2025 | Xenurolebias tupinikin (p. 4-6;figs.1-7,tab.1-2) |