| Main Ref. | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Primarily a pelagic feeder, feeds primarily on pelagic copepods, but also takes mysids, shrimps, cephalopods, fish, polychaetes and gastropods (Ref. 1371). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Wayland, M.T., C. Sommerville and D.I. Gibson, 1999 |
|---|---|
| Associations | parasitism; |
| Associated with | Echinorhynchus gadi; Echinorhynchus trachyrinci; |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1989 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.64 | 0.34 | 3.44 | 0.46 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.51 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1979 | ||||