| Main Ref. | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
|---|---|
| Bemerkungen | Form schools in open water along steeply sloping shores or above rocky reefs; also holes up amid cracks and crevices of the sea floor (Ref. 27436). Juveniles found around floats and pilings (Ref. 27436). Feed on pelagic crustaceans, fishes and squids (Ref. 6885). Viviparous (Ref. 34817). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrat | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrat Ref. | |
| Besondere Lebensräume | |
| Besondere Lebensräume Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Verbände | |
| Assoziiert mit | |
| Bemerkungen der Vereinigung | |
| Parasitismus |
| Art der Fütterung | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Fütterungsart Ref. | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
| Fütterungsgewohnheit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Fütterungsgewohnheiten Ref. | Rosenthal, R.J., V.M. O'Connell and M.C. Murphy, 1988 |
| Estimation method | Ursprüngliche Probe | Ungefischte Bevölkerung | Bemerkung | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Von der Zusammensetzung der Ernährung | 4.15 | 0.55 | 3.97 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Von einzelnen Lebensmitteln | 3.51 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Rosenthal, R.J., V.M. O'Connell and M.C. Murphy, 1988 | ||||